• Evaluation and setting realistic and achievable Objectives
• Creation of Plan/strategy to achieve these objectives 
• Selection of criteria to review the performance later to see if the objectives have been met.

Furthermore, Preventive and Protective measures need to be planned and implemented to eliminate and/or control risks to health and safety. 
General Hierarchy of Controls can be adopted for this purpose. The below figure shows the sequence of the controls. 

1. The most effective control measure is Elimination to ensure the hazard is removed from the workplace. 
2. Sometimes, it is not possible to remove the source of the hazard thoroughly so a Substitute is used with less risk as compared to the initial one. 
3. Engineering controls are used to ensure there is a barrier between the hazard and the workers. The machine is maintained through engineering controls and the risk level is further brought down. 
4. Moreover, Administrative controls are adopted to ensure that the workers are safe. Their way of work at the workplace is changed. Proper Standard Operating Procedures are developed and a Safe System of Work is designed to ensure they are working under the given instructions. 
5. Sometimes, despite the implementation of all the above controls, the hazard is not removed completely. The workers are required to use Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs) to perform the job. Sometimes, the job also requires the specific PPEs to use before commencing the job. 

Management of Change (MoC) is also required. Change takes place internally for example introduction of a new process, machinery, or job that will require a change in the system. Not only this, external changes like change in national legislation, that will modify the system. It is important to manage these changes in a systematic way and records should be kept. 

No change should be made without consultation with workers and a sufficient risk assessment. First, a competent person should carry out the risk assessment and evaluate the impact of the change on the existing system and take reasonable control measures to minimize the impact on the existing system. 

Furthermore, once the change has been made, it should be communicated to all the people and ensure they know about it. 

Emergency Planning is a key part of Planning and Implementation. As the work is done, there is a higher chance of accident due to human error, fault of machinery, or any other factor. The Planning phase must cover all foreseeable emergencies such as Fire, Explosion, Electric Shock, Medical, First Aid, etc. The Emergency Plan should be documented and communicated to all. Emergency Equipment should be placed at visible places and marked properly. A trained staff is also hired by an organization to handle the emergency situation for example Firefighters, First Aider/Medical Staff, etc.

The procurement procedure should make sure that health and safety requirements (national and organizational) are an integral part of purchasing specifications. 

It should be noted that the organization's health and safety requirements are applied to contractors. 

Procedures are needed to be in place to monitor, measure and record the performance of the health and safety system. Organizations can use a mixture of qualitative and quantitative performance measures followed by Active and Reactive measures, and not just rely on accident/incident data. 

1. Active Monitoring involves the number of inspections done, surveillance, compliance, training delivered to staff, etc. 
2. Reactive Monitoring involves the reporting and investigation of accidents, system failures, citations issued by the government, ill-health data, etc. 

The organization should also have an Audit Policy. An audit is done to evaluate the performance of the occupational health and safety management system elements. An Audit can be internal and external. The Internal Audit is done by a competent person with relevant experience, training, and skills while the external audit is carried out by a 3rd party. The findings of the audit are recorded and remedial actions are taken. 

Management Review should evaluate the overall occupational health and safety management system and progress towards the organization's goals. It will use data from monitoring, measuring, and auditing of the system as well as take account of other factors that may influence the system in the future. 

Actions for Improvement are proposed by the Performance Monitoring, Audit, and Management Review Meetings. To take action effectively, first establishing the root causes of the problems is necessary. Secondly, there should be a system in place to ensure that the actions are carried out. 

The organization is bound to continually improve its management system and performance. Comparison with other organizations can be done to check the gaps and make improvements. 

•  Gap Analysis - The comparison between the current position and where you need to be (target position):
• Policy and Planning to establish;
• What is the target or what organization have to achieve?
• Who will be responsible to achieve the target?
• How to achieve the target?
• How to measure success?
• Establishment of procedure to measure performance (leading and lagging indicators)

2: Do

1. Economy

The wealthiest countries of the world, where a man of the street has access to the basic necessities for life, such as food, water, shelter, and medical facilities have the funding to enforce good standards of health and safety. 

Those countries dedicate resources including to develop national legislation, set standards, take preventive and punitive actions and bring the culprits to court for jeopardizing the set standards of health and safety. UK's Health and Safety Executive (HSE) is a good example of this factor. As the country has a strong economy strict laws are applied and always maintained. They continuously improve their laws and include new elements to ensure good standards are enforced at all levels.

2. Government Policy and Initiatives

In 2008, the government of the United Kingdom issued a document entitled "Working for a Healthier Tomorrow" and the following points were made in that document;

• Life Expectancy in the UK is higher than every, still millions of working days are lost due to work-related illness;

• It was seen that those who work are more healthier than those who are out of job. A family without working person will certainly sufffer low income and poverty. 

• Improving and maintaining good health standards of working age population is very critical. If it is maintained the economic growth and associated benefits will take place.  

It should be noted that government not only forms legislation but also provides guidance to organizations to maintain good standards of health and safety at the workplace. For this purpose, the government launches training sessions, visits facilities, runs webinars, and campaigns on social media and mainstream media. NGOs are given the responsibility to educate people.

3. Industry and Risk Profiling

For example, Nuclear Sector is very is dangerous due to the use of hazardous substances in-process and associated hazards. The hazards pose a serious threat to human life and the surrounding environment. To control these hazards, rigorous and high levels of controls and higher OSH standards are required. Each nuclear site is operated under license. 

But on the other hand, the construction industry is dangerous too but less dangerous, and requires less rigorous controls to mitigate the risk level. 

4. Globalization

As the world is changing, businesses are expanding and operating nationally and internationally. Multinational companies have their business expanded in many countries across the globe, so the standards demanded in one country can be very different for other countries or contrary to their standards. 

5. Migrant Workers

Migrant Workers are also a contributing factor in influencing good health and safety standards at the workplace. As the Immigration policies are flexible the proportion of migrants is increasing with the passage of every day. The communication and language barrier may influence the standards and expectations. Migrants may not be able to understand the requirements clearly or may violate the laws. 

6. Social Expectation of Equality

Effectiveness of Health and Safety Standards & Priorities can be determined by changes in the societal expectations of quality.

The Equality Act 2010 of the United Kingdom gives legal rights, to disabled people in the area of employment. It protects disabled people and removes disability discrimination. The Equality Act 2010 requires an employer to ensure the working environment is suitable for disabled people.

As a consequence, the organization or employer is liable to provide safe access, egress to disabled people at the workplace including ramps, lifts, support in case of emergency, in order to meet social expectations and legal requirements.